March 11, 2005

30. culpable とがめられるべき

Court finds NTT East culpable in heart failure:The Japan Times Online
SAPPORO (Kyodo) The Sapporo District Court on Wednesday ordered NTT East Corp. to pay 66 million yen in damages to the family of a 58-year-old employee with heart problems who died after taking a training course.

culpable negligence 責めらるべき怠慢.
*ラテン語から (culpa 「過失,罪」+-ABLE)  

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March 10, 2005

29. destitute 貧困な

TIMEasia Magazine: Can Asia Kick the Habit?
Destitute, they make a living by scavenging amid the trash that stretches into the middle distance―for this is where much of the capital's garbage ends up.

Of the five countries that consume the most tobacco globally, three―China, Japan and Indonesia―are in Asia (the other two are the U.S. and Russia).

・an inveterate gambler [smoker] 賭博(とばく)が病みつきになった人[喫煙常習者]
・scavenge
ごみあさりをして〈まだ使える物を〉取り出す[集める]  
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March 09, 2005

28. ditch 見捨てる

Economist.com | Sony
Sony has ditched its chief executive and brought in the head of its American division to run the media and electronics conglomerate. But resolving the conflicting aims of its two main businesses may take more than a fresh face at the top
  
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27. outflank 出し抜く

The New York Times > Business > Sony to Name Non-Japanese Executive to Top Position
While Sony is still the world's largest electronics manufacturer, it has been readily outflanked, and its reputation for innovation has been sullied in the process.



・sully
If something is sullied by something else, it is damaged so that it is no longer pure or of such high value. (FORMAL)
* The City's reputation has been sullied by scandals like those at Lloyd's...
* She claimed they were sullying her good name.
VERB: be V-ed, V n  
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26. take off 成長[発展]し始める, 本格的になる

'Rakugo' artist uses English to show off Japan's funny side:The Japan Times Online
Oshima's interest in rakugo took off after she attended a meeting of the International Society for Humor Studies in Sydney in 1996 and realized that many participants who were specialists on humor only held the stereotypical image of Japanese as a stoic people.


"Drinking after work is a usual way for Japanese to solve communications problems at the workplace. But humor may become a more necessary tool to forge good ties" among people with different cultures and values, she said.

  
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March 08, 2005

25. bring in

Japanese icon Sony brings in American boss to battle slump: Channelnewsasia.com
The Walkman inventor has also lagged behind Apple, maker of the iPod, in building a new generation of portable music products.


If you bring in someone from outside a team or organization, you invite them to do a job or join in an activity or discussion.
* The firm decided to bring in a new management team.
PHRASAL VERB: V P n (not pron), also V n P
=call in
<コウビルド>  
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24. detrimental to 不利益な

It's a Sony: New parents to work from home :asahi.com English
According to Sony, many employees worry that taking leave will be detrimental to their careers.

For those working at home, e-mail messages will enable employees to keep abreast of what is going on in the office, the company says.


In a bid to stem the falling birthrate, the government has been actively encouraging workplaces to become more parent-friendly.
  続きを読む
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March 07, 2005

23. play havoc with 大きな被害を与える

90 injured, transport snarled in snowfall:asahi.com
The snow played havoc with train and plane services.


play [raise] havoc with [among]=wreak havoc on [with]=make havoc of… …を打ちこわす, 荒らす; …に大混乱をひき起こす.

If one thing plays havoc with another or wreaks havoc on it, it prevents it from continuing or functioning as normal, or damages it.
* The weather played havoc with airline schedules...  
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March 06, 2005

22. keep tabs [a tab] on (〜の状態、内容、動向などを)把握しておく

Sex-offender tracking set for June:The Japan Times Online
The National Police Agency said Friday it will start a new system on June 1 that keeps tabs on child molesters after their release from prison.


このtabは、おそらくtablet(筆記用紙)からきたもので、文字どおりには「tabletにつけておく」「記録に取っておく」といった感じの言い方だそう。
単数でいうと、「厳密に計算して帳簿につけておく」の意になり、複数だと、もっと大ざっぱに、「毎日の売り上げがどうなっているか把握しておく」という感じで、「管理[監督]するために」、あるいは「取り締まるために」といったニュアンスを含んだ言い方らしい。
It's difficult for the immigration service to keep tabs on the activities of all the foreigners in the country.(移民局が国内のすべての外国人の動きを把握しておくことは困難なことである)。
  続きを読む
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March 05, 2005

21. preposterous 言語道断の

Japanese leader calls new US threats over beef ban 'preposterous'
A Japanese politician called the latest US threat to punish Tokyo over its ban on US beef "preposterous," saying Japan must ensure that the meat is free from mad cow disease before lifting restrictions.

・非常識な thoughtless; senseless; absurd.  続きを読む
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March 04, 2005

20. be hailed as 〜としてもてはやされる、〜として支持される

Japan's top firms to get first female president
The appointment, which is likely to be announced formally this week, has been hailed as a major breakthrough by other businesswomen, who have found it nearly impossible to carve a position for themselves in the upper echelons of the Japanese corporate world.


・hailed as a crucial step toward the realization of, be 〜の実現に向けた極めて重要な一歩として歓迎される
・hailed as a hero for doing, be 〜という理由から英雄として迎えられる

・upper echelon 上層部
  
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19. synergy 相乗効果

Livedoor's Horie says battle with Fuji TV begins M&A era in Japan
Horie, 32, said his attempt to take over Nippon Broadcasting System Inc. is aimed at creating synergy between the Internet and traditional broadcast media such as radio and television.


・synergy
There is excellent synergy between A and B. AとBとの間に, すばらしい相乗[協力]関係がある.
<ビジネス>

in synergy with... 〜と一緒に, 〜との相乗作用で, 〜との相助作用で

If there is synergy between two or more organizations or groups, they are more successful when they work together than when they work separately. (BUSINESS)
* Of course, there's quite obviously a lot of synergy between the two companies...
<コウビルド>  
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March 03, 2005

18.on suspicion of 〜の疑いで

Tsutsumi arrested over Seibu Railway scam:KyodoNews
Prosecutors arrested former Kokudo Corp. Chairman Yoshiaki Tsutsumi on Thursday on suspicion of making false statements about shareholdings in Seibu Railway Co.


・underreport
■v.t.,v.i.
(収入などを)過少申告する;(…を)実際以下に報告する:
underreport the enemy's strength 敵の兵力を少なめに報告する.
[1949]
<ランダムハウス英語辞典>
  
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17. ruggedness 耐久性

Around JAPAN: NAGOYA: It's a pickup truck. It's a car. No, it's an Australian import(IHT/Asahi: March 1,2005)
``I was so attracted by this car because it has both European stylishness and continental ruggedness,'' he said.



・ruggedness
Truck buyers demand toughness, ruggedness and durability in a truck. トラックの購入を考えている人は, トラックに頑強さ, 堅牢性および耐久性を求める
<ビジネス>  
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March 02, 2005

16. atone for 罪滅ぼしをする

INTERVIEW/ Tomiichi Murayama: Spare no effort at healing wartime scars
The Asahi Shimbun
The Asian Women's Fund (AWF) was established to atone for the pain and suffering of former ``comfort women'' and it has played a significant role in reaching out to these victims, says former Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama.

・atone for
The cabinet minister resigned to atone for his slip of the tongue.
大臣は失言の責任を取って辞職した。

・spare no effort(s) 努力を惜しまない
  
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15. withhold 差し控える

Japan, U.S. withheld findings on Bikini test health problems
The Japan Times: March 1, 2005
The Japanese and U.S. governments withheld medical findings that the reproductive functions of some Japanese fishermen had shown abnormalities after their exposure to a hydrogen bomb test March 1, 1954, at Bikini Atoll, according to declassified U.S. documents.


・withhold
◆Did she deliberately withhold the fact? その事実を故意に知らせないでおいたのか →*
Name Withheld by Request 匿名希望により名前は伏せてあります
Please withhold my name.匿名にしてください。


・declassify
vt 〈書類・暗号などを〉機密情報のリストからはずす, …の機密扱いを解く.

  
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March 01, 2005

14. financially viable, be 収益があげられる

Japan blasts longest land tunnel
Critics say the tunnel, which costs more than $600m (£313m), will not be financially viable.


こんなトンネル 作ってるなんてちっとも知らなかった。  
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February 28, 2005

13. waive 免除する、放棄する

Chen's wife rocks boat in bid for expo visit
The wife of Taiwanese President Chen Shui-bian is seeking to visit Japan in May for the World Exposition in Aichi Prefecture, government sources said Friday.
The Diet has enacted a special law to waive tourist visas for Taiwanese for up to 90 days between March 25 and Sept. 25 to promote the expo. But a visit by Wu Shu-jen might be screened separately, according to the sources.


・waive
to choose to officially ignore a rule, right, or claim:
The defendant has waived his right to a jury trial.

・rock the boat *話*波風を立てる,ことを荒立てる
Don't rock the boat by demanding special treatment. 特別待遇を要求して波風を立てないでくれ.  
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12. get under way 始まる

JapanTimesの見出し「Winter Special Olympics get under way in Nagano」と「Academy Awards get underway」から。

underwayと1語になることもあるらしい。

◆The game will begin [start, get under way] at 2:30. 試合は 2 時 30 分から始まる
<活用>
  続きを読む
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February 25, 2005

11. stigma 汚名、不面目

読売新聞の結婚観に関する全国世論調査の記事、73% of single women perfectly happy being unmarriedより。

The result reflected a recent trend among single women who no longer attach social stigma to choosing the single life, observers said.


・stigma /noun
1[singular or uncount] a feeling that something is wrong or embarrassing in some way:
Unfortunately, there's still a stigma attached to mental illness.  
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February 24, 2005

10. bungle へまをする

Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi had harsh words for the police on Tuesday after viewing TV footage of two cops bungling an arrest-fleeing from an assailant and nearly letting the suspect escape in their patrol car.

Koizumi chews out 2 `Keystone Kops' (IHT/Asahi: February 23,2005)より

・chew out[ガミガミ言う]
・the Keystone Kops キーストーンのおまわり, どじな[とんまな]警官《1914 年から 20 年代前半にかけてのサイレント映画時代, Mack Sennett のスラップスティック喜劇にきまってよれよれの制服を着て登場した》.
・Keystone comedy
(へまや誤解の結果生じる)滑稽などたばたした状況や場面。
語源はどたばた喜劇のサイレント映画を製作したKeystone Comedy Co.の社名から。
  
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February 23, 2005

9. keep mum 沈黙を守る

昨日のビジ英で出てきていたmum's the word(他言するな)に関連して。

keep mum (about something)沈黙を守る
mumは形容詞でsilentと同義。唇を一文字に堅く閉じて発声した場合の擬声語である。
We'll have to keep mum about our plans for the time being.(さしあたって、この計画について沈黙を守らなくてはならない)。

The Cost of Keeping Mum
読んだのは、見出しだけ。  
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8. lash out at someone 難癖をつける

ChicagoTribuneの見出し、Beijing lashes out at U.S., Japan on Taiwan から。

lashは元々「ムチで打つ」の意。そこから「強く叱る」「厳しく非難する」といった意味で使われる。「難癖をつける」にぴったりとは言えないが、lash out at someoneには「不当に、または必要以上に人を責める」といったニュアンスがあるので、かなり近い表現と言えよう。使い方で日本語と違うのは、「料理に難癖をつけて代金を払わなかった」という場合もlash out atのあとには必ず「人」がくる点である。そのために「料理」については別なところで説明しなければならなくなる。Saying that the food was lousy, he lashed out at the restaurant manager and refused to pay the bill.(料理がひどいと言って店長に難癖をつけ、彼は代金を払わなかった)。
<センテンス>

・He lashed out at the reviewer of his book. 自分の書いた本の書評者にさんざん食ってかかった
<活用>  
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February 22, 2005

7. clout 影響力

久しぶりにTIMEのサイトに行ったら、記事が有料になっていてガッカリ。(読めるのもあるんだけれど、かなり少ないようです)
長い間読んでなかったのに、急にCoverStoryが魅力的に見えてくるし・・・。
悔しいので、Newsweekに行ってみる。
Newsweekのクリエイティブの記事「The Zen of Fighting iPod」から

You've worked with Microsoft since your company started. Do you think it can maintain its dominance?
I'm betting on the Microsoft camp. They want to win this whole MP3 war. With all the cash they have, with all the clout they have, they are going to win-if not the first time, if not the second time, the third time, and that's why we're working very closely with them.


  続きを読む
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6. propagate 繁殖する

ペットのウサギが繁殖 の記事から。

A homeless man's pet rabbits have propagated rapidly and have weakened the soil of an embankment along the Arakawa River in eastern Tokyo, prompting officials to develop a plan to fence the animals.


1[intransitive or transitive] TECHNICAL if an animal, cell, etc. propagates it increases in number by REPRODUCTION


Animals and plants native to a region can disappear when species from outside that propagate easily are introduced.
繁殖力の強い帰化生物によって在来の生物が淘汰されてしまうこともある。
<センテンス>
  
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February 21, 2005

5. underhanded ずるい、公明正大でない

Meiji Yasuda faces FSA sales moratorium より
The Financial Services Agency is considering ordering Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Co. to temporarily halt part of its operations as punishment for underhanded sales practices, sources said Friday.


The way our rival entertains clients every night would seem to border on bribery. / Their underhanded methods are hard to take when we're playing it straight.
「敵さんは、連日接待接待で、買収まがいのこともしてるらしいですよ」「えげつない手を使うなあ。うちは正面からぶつかってるのに」
<センテンス>

  続きを読む
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February 19, 2005

4. negate 否定する

17日の坂口安吾の堕落論の天声人語の英訳記事から。

The writer came to fame shortly after Japan's defeat in World War II; he was well-known for his writings that negated the nation's traditional moral-value system.


Later research negated [nullified] the results of his experiment. その後の研究によって彼の実験結果は否定された[無効とされた]
<活用>
  
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3. shy away from 避ける、敬遠する

渡辺謙さんのインタビュー記事 IT'S ALL ABOUT THE WORK: Actor will go anywhere for the right role

Throughout the interview, the actor shied away from difficulties he has faced, both in his life and in his career. The product, not the process, seems more important to him.


で発見。最近続けてお目にかかったので、ダメ押しで書きとめ。  
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2. ward off  寄せ付けない、そらす

CNNのCoffee may ward off liver cancerより


To ward off a danger or illness means to prevent it from affecting you or harming you.
* She may have put up a fight to try to ward off her assailant...
* Mass burials are now under way in an effort to ward off an outbreak of cholera.
PHRASAL VERB: V P n (not pron), V P n (not pron), also V n P
  
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February 16, 2005

1. laud ほめる

マータイさんの「もったいない」を世界に の記事
Nobel peace laureate urges efficient use of resourcesより
Speaking exclusively to the Mainichi at its Tokyo Head Office on Monday, Feb. 14, Maathai lauded Japan's 3-R environmental pillars of "reduce, reuse and recycle."



laud
<…を>ほめたたえる,賛美する 《★主に新聞用語として用いられる》.

There are economic commentators who lauded the Japanese management style when the economy was good, but with the recession, they can only see its faults.
景気のいいときは日本的経営をさんざん持ち上げていたのに、不況になるとその欠点ばかりをあげつらう経済評論家がいる。

関連語 laudable,laudatory
applaud


Pass単146  
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