2009年11月06日
日本での食事 - meal in Japan and Hokkaido.
Niku - 豚肉か牛肉か
私達の食事にタブーが少ないため、肉 -'Niku'- と言うと牛肉と豚肉の区別が明確ではありません。あなたの食事習慣にタブーがある場合は注意しなければなりません。料理人にどのような肉を使っているか料理人に確認してください。市場では豚肉が安くさまざまな料理に使われ、牛肉はステーキなどの高級料理に使われます。他に鶏肉、卵は安定供給されています。
肉食のタブー
日本人は肉食の習慣がなく、伝統的な肉料理がありません。これには幾つかの理由があります。
1) 仏教の教義による
６世紀に仏教が伝わり、獣肉を食べる習慣が嫌われるようになりました。その後たびたび禁止令が出されました。禁止令が出るということは、庶民の間では獣肉を食べる習慣があったことを示しています。仏教の教義では四足獣を殺して食べることが嫌われたため、鳥類、魚類、鯨類は盛んに食べられました。古代は牛乳を加工した食品も食べられたようですが、この習慣は完全に消えました。
2) １７世紀の動物愛護令
１７世紀の将軍 -Shogun- は犬が大好きでした。そこで動物愛護令を出したのです。人々はこの命令を笑いましたが、将軍が本気だったことに気づかされました。町中から食肉の料理屋が消えたと言われます。
3) 家畜を飼う習慣がない
農民は牛、馬を労働力として、家族同然に大切にしました。牛馬を食べるということは恐ろしいことでした。牛馬を食べるために特別な用地を確保して、穀物を与えるほど、農民は豊かではありませんでした。
もっとも、肉料理を食べなくても、周囲では簡単に魚が手に入るため、わざわざ牛肉や豚肉を食べる必要がありませんでした。１９世紀の革命の後、北海道は大規模に開拓されました。強い兵隊を作るために肉食が奨励され、農民は軍服などを作るため、牛や馬を飼い始めました。牧羊も試験されましたが、この試みは失敗したようです。しかし、牧羊試験のおかげで、北海道、特に Surachipt 周辺は羊肉のバーベキューは名産料理となっています。スライスされた羊肉が市場で手に入ります。
北海道は畜産に成功し、日本の牛乳の大部分を生産しています。主に牛乳は価格が安定して、主に人々は生で飲みます。チーズやヨーグルトなどの加工製品は歴史も短く種類も少なく、値段が高価です。
-シーフードの豊かな島
日本人は海で採れるもので、食べることができるものはあらゆるものを調理します。特に北海道は北太平洋の最大の漁場に恵まれています。鮭、鰊 秋刀魚 - Samma - 鱈、鰈、烏賊、蛸、帆立貝や牡蠣。雲丹、海老、蟹などが有名です。そのまま刺身 -Sashimi- にしたり、簡単にローストしたり、スープにします。
日本料理のスープストックは干した鰹や干した昆布 -Gaiant Sea Kelp- を使います。全く動物性の食事を受け付けない菜食主義者は困難を感じるかも知れません。
刺身 -Sashimi- は有名な日本の料理です。古代から、'どのような種類の魚をどうやって料理したか'を見せるための料理人のパフォーマンスでした。料理人も客も、頭から尻尾までディスプレィすることが大切だと考えます。おそらく、日本料理に慣れない人にとっては一番グロテスクな料理方法です。Sashimi がグロテスクに思う人は鍋にスープを沸かせたものをオーダーしてください。'Shabu Shabu' にしてもらいましょう。この料理方法も日本ではよく行われます。
寿司 -Sushi- は、昔は米と酢と魚を混ぜた発酵料理でした。１７世紀の東京では新鮮な海産物が市場で手に入るようになったため、東京で流行しました。北海道のどんな小さな漁村にも必ず小さな寿司レストランがあります。オーナーは寿司を料理することが本職ですが、地元の海産物の調理の天才です。季節、今日の市場の状況、魚の太り具合などから、一番よい料理方法, Sashimi か Loasted かを提案してくれます。Surachipt からは僅か１時間程度のドライブで簡単に海辺のドライブが楽しめます。
--穀物や農産物
北海道は、日本の穀物の半分を生産します。米飯、麦、蕎麦 -Soba- 、豆、玉蜀黍などです。玉蜀黍は人間が食べるために育てられ、家畜の飼料にはあまり使われません。他に、芋、人参、新鮮な野菜類、トマト、玉葱、南瓜などが生産されます。冬は雪の下で保管されたり、ピクルスにして保存されます。
果物は、メロン、イチゴ、りんご、さくらんぼなどが収穫されます。一部ではワインの生産も行われます。特に Surachipt 周辺ではメロンの生産が盛んです。北アジアに属する北海道では、天然のベリー類が手に入るため、ジャムの生産が各地で行われています。
--日本人固有の３つのテーブルマナー
日本人には奇異に見える３つのテーブルマナーがあります。このようなマナーは子供の頃から親にしつけられます。
1) 椀や皿を手に取る
日本人は米飯やスープ食べるとき、椀を持ち上げ顔に近づけて食べる習慣があります。海外の文化では非常に珍しい習慣です。韓国や中国では下品な食べ方だとされますが、日本では正しい文化です。日本の伝統的な食器にはスプーンがなく、スープや米は小さな椀に小分けして椀ごと口に運びます。
2) 全ての小皿に手を出す。
この習慣は米をたくさん食べるための工夫です。味付けされていない蒸した米を塩辛い副食物と調整しながら食べる習慣です。食事の際に、あなたには日本人がテーブルの上の小皿をあちこち突きまわす習慣は奇妙に見えるかもしれません。満腹して食事を終える頃、全ての皿から料理が消えていることが美しい食事のマナーだとされます。
3) 熱い汁物、熱い麺
熱い汁物や熱い麺類は大好きなジャンクフードです。私達は蕎麦 -Soba-、Udon、ラーメンなど熱いスープに入った麺料理が大好きです。特に１７世紀に流行した蕎麦は、いかに熱いまま食べるかが重要なジャンクフードのマナーなので、大きな音を立てることが普通に行われます。 'eat' という表現より 'suck' という表現が正しいくらいです。他の文化にはない特徴ですが、あなたには下品に思えるかもしれません。嘘だとおもったらお昼時の蕎麦料理店で確認することができます。
Meal in Japan
The Japanese makes rice staple food. Seasoning that suits the rice simply steamed is liked. A hot, painful seasoning is a little, and a saline taste putting and an easy cooking method are liked. The one that the rice such as 'Syoyu-soy sauce' and 'Miso' and soybeans were saltily fermented is used as for the seasoning, and a pungent spice such as the red peppers and the peppers is not multiused. It is little and the amount and the kind are expensive though it is in the market such as a seasoning and catsup all over the world like the spice, the spice, China, and South Korea, etc.
Is it Niku-pork or beef?
The distinction between beef and pork is not clear when saying meat-'Niku' - to our meal because the taboo is a little. It is necessary to note it when there is a taboo in your meal custom. Please confirm to the cook what kind of meat you use for the cook. Pork is used for various dishes cheaply in the market, and beef is used for the haute cuisine such as the steaks. Besides, the stability supply is done as for chicken and the egg.
Taboo of eating meat
The Japanese doesn't have the custom of eating meat, and not have a traditional meat dish. There are some reasons for this.
1) It depends on tenets of Buddhism.
The Buddhism was introduced in the sixth century, and the custom of eating meat came to be disliked. Afterwards, the ban was frequently put out. The ban's coming out shows that there was a custom of eating meat among the people. Because it was disliked to kill and to eat the four-footed beast in tenets of Buddhism, birds, fishes, and whales were able to eat actively. This custom disappeared completely though ancient times seemed to have been able to eat food that processed milk.
2) Animal protection order of the 17th century
The dog loved general-Shogun- of the 17th century. Then, the animal protection order was put out. It was made the awareness of the general serious though people laughed at this instruction. It is said that the restaurant of meat disappeared in whole town.
3) There is no custom to keep domestic animals.
As for the farmer, the family valued the cow and the horse just like as manpower. To eat oxen and horses was to have frightened it. The farmer was not as rich as a special site was secured to eat oxen and horses, and grain was given.
However, because the fish was easily obtained in surroundings even if it did not eat the meat dish, it was not necessary to eat beef and pork purposely.
After the revolution of the 19th century, Hokkaido was developed on a large scale. Eating meat was encouraged to establish a strong soldier, and to make the service uniform etc. , the farmer began to keep the cow and the horse. This attempt seems to have failed though the sheep farming was examined. However, the barbecue of mutton is a special product dish around Hokkaido, especially Surachipt thanks to the sheep farming examination. In the market, the sliced mutton is obtained.
Hokkaido succeeds in stock raising, and produces the majorities of the milk of Japan. The price is chiefly steady to milk, and people drink by the life chiefly. As for wrought goods such as cheeses and yogurts, the history is short, the kind is a little, and the price is expensive.
-Rich island of seafood
The one that it is possible to eat by the one that it is possible to catch in the sea cooks all the one to the Japanese. Especially, Hokkaido is rich in the maximum fishery in the North Pacific. Salmon..herring..mackerel pike..cod..flatfish..squid..octopus..scallop..oyster.The sea urchin, the lobster, and the crab, etc. are famous. It makes to slices of raw fish-Sashimi-, roast is done easily as it is, and it makes it to soup.
The soup stock of Japanese food uses bonito that dried it and dry seaweed-Gaiant Sea Kelp-. The vegetarian who doesn't accept the meal of the animality might quite feel the difficulty.
Slices of raw fish-Sashimi- is a dish of famous Japan. From ancient times to cook's to show 'What kind of fish how did you cook?' performance. ..display.. having even the tail from the head thinks it is important the cook and the guest. Perhaps, it is the most grotesque dish method for the person who doesn't become accustomed to Japanese food. The person whom Sashimi thinks to be grotesque is order [shi] as for the one that soup was boiled to the pan. Let's have making it to 'Shabu Shabu'. This dish method is often done in Japan.
Sushi-Sushi- was a fermentation dish that mixed rice and vinegar and the fish in old times. Because it had come to obtain fresh marine products in the market in Tokyo of the 17th century, it became popular in Tokyo. There must be a small sushi restaurant in any small fishing village of Hokkaido. The owner is a genius of cooking marine products of local though it is a main vocation to cook the sushi. It proposes the best dish method, Sashimi or Loasted from situation of the market of today and fish's overweight conditions etc. at the season. It can easily enjoy the drive of the beach from Surachipt by the drive of only about one hour.
--Grain and farm products
Hokkaido produces halves of grain in Japan. It buckwheat ..the rice and wheat..-is bean, and ..Soba -.. corn, etc.The corn is grown so that man may eat, and not used for the livestock feed so much. Besides, the potato, the carrot, and fresh vegetables, the tomatoes, onions, and the pumpkins, etc. are produced. It is kept by creeping saxifrage, and it makes to pickles and it is preserved in winter.
As for the fruit, the melon, the strawberry, the apple, and the cherry, etc. are harvested. Wine is produced in part. Especially, the production of the melons is active around Surachipt. Because berries of nature are obtained in Hokkaido in which it belongs to north Asia, jam is produced in various places.
--Peculiar three table manners to Japanese
The Japanese has three table manners that look strange. Such manners are disciplined by parents in childhood.
1) The bowl and the plate are taken.
The Japanese has the custom of bringing the bowl to the lift face close when it eats the rice and soup and eating. It is a very unusual custom in an overseas culture. It is a correct culture in Japan though is assumed that it is a vulgar way in South Korea and China to eat. There is no spoon in traditional tableware of Japan, and soup and rice are subdivided to a small bowl and carried to the mouth in each bowl.
2) The hand is put out to all saucers.
This custom is a device to eat a lot of rice. It is a custom of eating while adjusting the rice not seasoned of steaming with a salty side dish. When eating, you might pierce the saucer on the table here and there by the Japanese and look strange the custom of spending. It is assumed that it is manners of a beautiful meal that the dish has disappeared from all plates when it squffs and meal is finished.
3) Hot soup and hot noodle
Hot soup and hot noodles are the loved junk foods. The entered noodle dish is loved in soup with a hot Udon and ramen, etc. buckwheat our..-Soba-. Because the buckwheat that became popular in especially the 17th century is manners of the junk food that it is important whether to eat like being very hot, the loud sound is usually made. The expression 'Suck' is more correct than the expression 'Eat'. It might be able to be thought ribaldry in you though it is a feature in other cultures without. It is possible to confirm it in the buckwheat restaurant on time of daytime when having it when it is a lie.
Key Word
北海道データセンター、グリーンデータセンター、低環境負荷、 Low negative environmental impact Datacenter Bussiness
リンク
勝手に Surachipt Data Stream を創ろう
