2008ǯ10·î09Æü

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¤ï¤«¤ê¤Ë¤¯¤¤Êä­

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for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

²¼Â¼æû 1/3
Martin Chalfie 1/3
Roger Y. Tsien 1/3








The discovery of aequorin and green fluorescent protein
Journal of Microscopy
Volume 217 Issue 1, Pages 3 - 15
2005


We discovered aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP)
in 1961 from the same species of jellyfish (Shimomura
et al ., 1962). Our target was a luminescent substance, aequorin,
and GFP was isolated as a by-product of aequorin owing to its
bright conspicuous fluorescence. Both are unusual proteins
but they had no particular importance when we first reported
them. Their importance became apparent in the course of
studies, and now, 40 years after their discovery, they are well
known and widely used, aequorin as a calcium probe and GFP
as a marker protein.


.................................
.................................


GFP



¡Ö²½³Ø¾Þ¤Ï°Õ³°¡×¡Ö¥¯¥é¥²£¸£µËüɤºÎ¼è¡×²¼Â¼¤µ¤ó¸ì¤ë


To obtain 1 mg of AF-350, 100–200 mg of pure aequorin
was required, which would require about 2.5 tons of jellyfish
or 50000 animals. To process 50000 jellyfish in one summer,

we would need to collect, cut and extract 3000 jellyfish each
day, allowing for days of bad weather and poor fishing. It was a
workload that could not be accomplished by collecting jellyfish
at the lab dock and cutting rings with scissors at a rate of
one per minute. To solve the problem, Dr Johnson constructed
two jellyfish cutting machines, as illustrated in Fig. 7.

.................................
.................................


I spent the next several days soul-searching, trying to imagine
the reaction that might occur in luminescing jellyfish and
searching for a way to extract the luminescent principle. I
often meditated on the problem on a drifting rowing boat
under clear summer skies. Friday Harbor in summer at that
time was quiet and peaceful, quite different from the presentday,
when it is saturated with busy pleasure boats and noisy
seaplanes. Meditation afloat was safe but if I fell asleep the boat
was carried away by the tide so that I had to row for a long time
to get back to the laboratory.


One afternoon, a thought suddenly struck me, a thought
so simple that I should have had it much sooner: even if a
luciferin–luciferase system is not involved in the jellyfish
luminescence, an enzyme or protein is probably involved in
the luminescence reaction. If so,
..................






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